The RF is a democratic state with republican form of governing. The power in the country is divided into three branches: executive, judicial and legislative. The legislative power belongs to the Government of the RF, judicial belongs to the Federal Assembly of the RF, and legislative power belongs to the Constitutional Court of the RF, Supreme Court and Supreme Arbitrate of the RF. The President of the RF is the guarantor for the observance of rights and liberties of citizens and the Constitution of the RF. The federal system of Russia is based on its state integrity, unity of the state power, division of the objects of authority and plenary powers between the organs of power of the RF and the subjects of the RF power. The RF unites 89 subjects.

The Smolensk oblast is an equal subject of the RF.

The system of state power organs of the Smolensk oblast is represented by the legislative (representative) organ of the Smolensk oblast state power - the Smolensk oblast Duma; the supreme executive organ of the state power of the Smolensk oblast - the Administration of the Smolensk oblast, headed by the supreme authority of the Smolensk oblast - the Governor of Smolensk region and Justices of the Peace.